http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2004/apr/22/football.raceintheuk
"Referring to the underwhelming performance of the French defender, Atkinson said: "He's what is known in some schools as a fucking lazy thick nigger." Atkinson's conversation was picked up by microphones that should have been switched off once the broadcast from the stadium had concluded."
This is useful as it connotes that there is a big difference between ethnic minorities and the majority of other athletes in Sports today, ethnic minorities are still racially abused in the media. The media does look at the two differently, which is why Atkinson probably made the slur anyway.
Racist fans 'should go to prison'
http://www.thevisitor.co.uk/blackpool-news/Racist-fans-39should-go-to.5683253.jp
"And now Tottenham boss Harry Redknapp has let rip against the thugs who he says threaten to ruin the sport.
He said: "That is disgusting – there's no place for that in the game. Surely we can't have that sort of behaviour now? Anyone who does it should be put in prison – not banned from football.
"Stick them where they belong, in the nut-house. It's wrong." "
This is useful as it’s connotes that actual members of the sport institution are aware that there is a difference, i.e. racism. But also shows how they want change so that the difference is gone from Sport media.
'What I said was racist - but I'm not a racist. I am an idiot'
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/apr/25/race.football
"He resigned from his job at ITV. He had to give up his column in the Guardian. And he lost a fortune - as much as £1 million - when other commercial projects were ditched by the companies he was associated with."
It’s significant because it connotes that not always is the difference negative, with the media actually against racism and attempting to get rid of the gap between athletes.
AMERICAN INDIANS ARE PEOPLE, NOT MASCOTS
http://www.aimovement.org/ncrsm/index.html
"Last year during the media hype that surrounded the baseball playoff games between New York and Cleveland, the New York Post caught up in the hype covered its front page with the headline, "Take the Tribe and Scalp 'Em." Little concern was shown for the Indian children, or community living in New York City, or around the country"
It shows how in America the media represent American Indians as Mascots for sports teams. While it isn’t Britain it’s a good reference.
Racism among sports fans extends beyond the loudest voice among them
http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/columnists/20031003shelly1003p1.asp
" The fact that Limbaugh thinks of Mc-Nabb as a "black quarterback" gives him away. It's too bad we aren't past that. He says it's the media who treat McNabb differently, but he is the one defining McNabb by his skin color. Are white guys like the Steelers' Tommy Maddox "regular quarterbacks" to Limbaugh?"
Shows how the media, who argue for equality, are in fact racist and look down at people of different skin colour, in this case, athletes. It may be 2003 but It is useful as a footnote.
America's Mishandling of the Donovan McNabb-Rush Limbaugh Controversy
http://www.popmatters.com/sports/features/031022-mcnabb-rush.shtml
"Limbaugh, a new hire to the ESPN football crew, argued that McNabb was an overrated quarterback who has benefited more from a strong defense and a liberal media determined to see an African American quarterback succeed in the NFL than actual ability."
Shows how the media station showing a NFL game had colonialist and racist views thanks to a remark by a commentator. Useful as it’s an example of the media distinguishing between ethnicities.
Media, Stereotypes and the Perpetuation of Racism in Canada
http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/crawford/jamesc.html
"The black youth who was unsuccessful in making it in professional sports, failed because of personal failings. The effect on the audience is to confirm existing stereotypes of black youth - that when given a chance, most blacks would rather be hanging around with the gang, etc. A social commentary interrogating why professional sports is one of the few places that blacks can succeed in life is completely ignored. Instead, the message is that blacks need to conform or else stay within their racial group where they will not experience failure."
This is the same with the historical and current texts that I am looking at, this follows the same "general" guidelines. Goes into a lot of detail between the links between racism and sports and how it’s represented in the Media, however it’s only in Canada so I won’t gather a lot of quotes from there just a few.
The portrayal of Ethnic, Ethnicity and Nationality in advertised international sport events
http://www.la84foundation.org/9arr/ResearchReports/ResearchReport4.htm
"Race almost never was mentioned by commentators. A personal interview segment focusing on Native American Ryneldi Bycenti was one notable exception. There were a few instances when athletes described themselves in terms of their racial identity. In the vast majority of cases, however, we found no overt narrative references to race.
Ethnicity, however, occasionally was mentioned by commentators. For example, there was an extended exploration of the Albanian heritage of a United States born swimmer who competed for Albania in the 1992 Barcelona Games. Ethnicity was more likely to be acknowledged by commentators if it connected with some history of ethnic conflict. Bosnian runner, Mirsada Buric, was discussed against the backdrop of ethnic conflict in her country. The family of gold medalist swimmer Pablo Morales was said to have immigrated to the United States in order to escape the political repression and squalor of Cuba in the 1950s."
Very good as it shows how underrepresented Black people are in other media positions to do with sports rather than being athletes, for example a huge lack of ethnic minority commentators or critics so, in terms of racial experience, they are not giving the full picture.Minorities in Sport Identity, Representation, Participation and Politics
http://org.uib.no/imer/14Nordic/workshops/Minorities_in_sport/index.htm
"n sport journalism, thus, ethnic minority athletes are described as individual athletes more than minority members. Local and national sport administrations meanwhile relate to minority populations in various ways – from active recruitment policies, anti-racist campaigns, to neglect. A general tendency, however, is that sports organisations try to communicate that they, more than other civil society organisations, are especially apt at the job of “integrating” immigrants and ethnic minorities. "
Uses direct examples of what institutions say about the split of athletes, by referring to ethnic minorities as “individual athletes” which helps keep the difference in tact.
Sport and the Media: The Emergence of a Major Field
http://www.sillitoe-uk.net/media/html/Alina.pdf
"The results of this extensive
study showed, on the one hand, that ‘producers of televised
international athletic events generally are attuned to issues of racial
representation and cultural diversity’ – a fact they attribute to some
extent to growing awareness of related issues in the USA. However,
while previously-documented patterns of media representation of
black athletes were being addressed, they did find the treatment of
‘Asian’ athletes was ‘biased’."
The best link, has everything I would need, talks about how the media represents ethnic minorities differently and also links it to National Pride, where we would follow one team for example.
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